This course is designed to provide the student with a general overview and understanding of the historical, political, economic and social forces that underlie the creation and maintenance of present-day Caribbean societies and cultures. The first half of the course will deal exclusively with the historical background of the region, focusing on such seminal processes as the transatlantic slave trade; European mercantilism and colonization; New World slavery and plantation societies; and the evolution of national polities, institutions and identities in the English, Spanish and French-speaking Caribbean. The second half of the course will deal with issues of a more contemporary, anthropological nature�things like race, class & ethnicity; gender relations; Afro-Caribbean religious systems; migration; and popular culture.

Introduction to the architectural history and neighborhood development of New York City, focusing on extant buildings erected for all socioeconomic classes and for a variety of uses. The history of architecture in all parts of the City is traced through lectures and walking tours.

Equivalent to HUMA C1121 and F1121. Not a historical survey but an analytical study of masterpieces, including originals available in the metropolitan area. The chief purpose is to acquaint students with the experience of a work of art. A series of topics in the development of Western art, selected to afford a sense of the range of expressive possibilities in painting, sculpture, and architecture, such as the Parthenon, the Gothic cathedral, and works of Michelangelo, Bruegel, Picasso, and others. Space is limited. Columbia University undergraduates who need this course for graduation are encouraged to register during early registration.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Cloisters, and the Morgan Library house medieval works of extraordinary interest from a wide range of periods and regions. Taking advantage of this opportunity, the course focuses on selected objects (as case studies) in these local institutions. We will examine medieval buildings, sculptures, reliquaries and manuscripts first-hand, investigating their original context, their later identity as collection pieces, and their place within the broader cultural background of art and architecture from Late Antiquity to the Gothic.

The adjudged authenticity of a work of art is fundamental in determining its value as a commodity on the art market or, for example, in property claim disputes or in issues of cultural property restitution. Using case studies�some straightforward and others extremely vexing--this course examines the many ways in which authenticity is measured through the use of provenance and art historical research, connoisseurship, and forensic resources. From within the broader topics, finer issues will also be explored, among them, the hierarchy of attribution, condition and conservation, copies and reproductions, the period eye and the style of the marketplace.

Prerequisites: W3004 - Neurobiology I: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and W3005 - Neurobiology: Development & Systems or permission from the instructors.

Neurobiology offers both a source of knowledge to inform the creation of law and a direct challenge to the underlying philosophies of law. As a recent example, the Supreme Court cited research on child brain development in their decision that child convicts should not receive life imprisonment without parole. But neuroscience reaches beyond criminal law, as it has been used to argue for limiting free speech, given the consequences of some forms of speech on their receiver. This course closely examines the most recent developments in neurobiology and the legal shifts they have generated. The focus will be on analyzing primary literature in the sciences as well as legal cases and scholarship. Because of its interdisciplinary nature, this course will benefit students considering careers in science, law, or policy.

Students will reach a level of increased competence in mathematics and expand their understanding of the applications of mathematical concepts in business activities. Emphasis is placed upon learning mathematical concepts through practical application to common business problems. By the end of this course, students will have developed the skills necessary to enroll in advanced level business and finance courses.

Prerequisites: BUSI K4001 Introduction to Finance/or Professor Approval is required

Students will learn the critical corporate finance concepts including: financial statement analysis; performance metrics; valuation of stocks and bonds; project and firm valuation; cost of capital; capital investment strategies and sources of capital, and firm growth strategies. At the end of this course students will understand how to apply these concepts to current business problems. Pre-requisite: BUSI K4001

Prerequisites: BUSI K4001 Introduction to Finance/or Professor Approval is required

Students will learn the critical corporate finance concepts including: financial statement analysis; performance metrics; valuation of stocks and bonds; project and firm valuation; cost of capital; capital investment strategies and sources of capital, and firm growth strategies. At the end of this course students will understand how to apply these concepts to current business problems. Pre-Requisite BUSI K4001.Course Fee: $85.00

Students will examine the generally accepted account principles (GAAP) underlying financial statements and their implementation in practice. The perspective and main focus of the course is from the users of the information contained in the statements, including investors, financial analysts, creditors and, management. By the end of this class students will be able to construct a cash flow statement, balance sheet and decipher a 10K report.

Students will examine the generally accepted account principles (GAAP) underlying financial statements and their implementation in practice. The perspective and main focus of the course is from the users of the information contained in the statements, including investors, financial analysts, creditors and, management. By the end of this class students will be able to construct a cash flow statement, balance sheet and decipher a 10K report.Course Fee: $85.00

Students will learn fundamental marketing concepts and their application. By the end of this class you will know: the elements of a market, company strategy, how to identify customers and competition, the fundamental elements of the marketing mix (product, price, placement and promotion) how to research consumer behavior, and pricing strategies. Students will have extensive use of case study projects.

Prerequisites: BUSI K4020 Introduction to Marketing/or Professor Approval is required

Students will develop analytical skills used to formulate and implement marketing driven strategies for an organization. Students will develop a deeper understanding of marketing strategies and how to implement tactics to achieve desired goals. Students will work on case study projects in both individual and a team based projects. By the end of this course you will be able to develop a marketing strategy based market assessments and company needs. Pre-requisite: BUSI K4020Course Fee: $85.00

This course will guide students through the dynamic process of taking an idea from inception to completion on behalf of internal and external clients. Students will learn how ideas are developed and implemented and be able to use research, mobilize teams, and devise solutions for a variety of challenges across various industries. The value of measurement will be stressed and methods for ensuring actionable results will be taught.

Prerequisites: CHEM S1403 or the equivalent.

The continuation of Chemistry S1403D.

Introduction to basic experimental techniques in chemistry, including quantitative procedures, chemical analysis, and descriptive chemistry. To be enrolled in S1500Q you must also register for S1501Q Lab Lecture MW 1:00pm-2:10pm in 309 HavemeyerCourse Fee: $140.00

Prerequisites: CHEM S3443 or the equivalent.

A continuation of Chemistry S3443D, above. Equivalent to Chemistry C3444 or F3444.

Techniques of experimental organic chemistry, with emphasis on understanding fundamental principles underlying the experiments and the methodology of solving laboratory problems involving organic molecules.Course Fee: $125.00

Prerequisites: GREK 1121 or GREK 1101-1102, or the equivalent

Equivalent to Greek 1201 and Greek 1202. Reading of selected Attic Greek prose and poetry with a review of grammar in one term to prepare the student to enter third-year Greek. This is an intensive course with substantial preparation time outside of class.

Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00

Equivalent to Latin 1101 and 1102. Covers all of Latin grammar and syntax in one term to prepare the student to enter Latin 1201 or 1202. This is an intensive course with substantial preparation time outside of class.

Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00

Prerequisites: LATN 1101 and 1102, or the equivalent.

Equivalent to Latin 1201 and 1202. Reading of selected Latin prose and poetry with a review of grammar in one term to prepare the student to enter third-year Latin. This is an intensive course with substantial preparation time outside of class.

Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00

Prerequisites: COMS W1004 or knowledge of JAVA

Not intended for computer science majors. Data types and structures: arrays, stacks, singly and doubly linked lists, queues, trees, sets, and graphs. Programming techniques for processing such structures: sorting and searching, hashing, garbage collection. Storage management. Rudiments of the analysis of algorithms. Taught in Java. Note: Due to significant overlap, students may receive credit for only one of the following four courses: COMS W3133, W3134, W3137, and W3139.

Prerequisites: COMS W3139 and W3203, or the equivalent.

Computability and models of computation. Regular languages, finite automata, regular grammars, nondeterminism, regular expressions. Context-free languages, push-down automata, context-free grammars, parsing. Turing machines, general grammars, computability, the Chomsky hierarchy, the Church-Turing thesis, other models of computation.Course Fee: $5.00

Prerequisites: COMS W3137 or equivalent, W3261, and CSEE W3827, or permission of the instructor.

Modern programming languages and compiler design. Imperative, object-oriented, declarative, functional, and scripting languages. Language syntax, control structures, data types, procedures and parameters, binding, scope, run-time organization, and exception handling. Implementation of language translation tools including compilers and interpreters. Lexical, syntactic and semantic analysis; code generation; introduction to code optimization. Teams implement a language and its compiler.

Prerequisites: COMS W3137 or W3139, and W3203.

Introduction to the design and analysis of efficient algorithms. Topics include models of computation, efficient sorting and searching, algorithms for algebraic problems, graph algorithms, dynamic programming, probabilistic methods, approximation algorithms, and NP-completeness. Note: This course is the same as CSOR W4231 (CS and IEOR Department).

The Fiction Writing Workshop is designed for students who have little or no experience writing imaginative prose. Students are introduced to a range of craft concerns through exercises and discussions, and eventually produce their own writing for the critical analysis of the class. Outside readings supplement and inform the exercises and longer written projects.Materials Fee: $15.00

The Poetry Writing Workshop is designed for students who have a serious interest in poetry writing but who lack a significant background in the rudiments of the craft and/or have had little or no previous poetry workshop experience. Students will be assigned weekly writing exercises emphasizing such aspects of verse composition as the poetic line, the image, rhyme and other sound devices, verse forms, repetition, tone, irony, and others. Students will also read an extensive variety of exemplary work in verse, submit brief critical analyses of poems, and critique each other's original work.Materials Fee: $15.00

This course explores the unique and distinct foreign policy behavior of different states in the international system. Explanations of state behavior will be drawn from many overarching international relations frameworks including but not necessarily limited to realism, liberalism, and constructivism. The effects of power, culture, institutions and history will be examined.

This course is intended to provide an understanding of two of the major components of warfare and international security since World War II. The first is special operations, defined broadly as military operations whose high risk and potential high pay-off require forces with extraordinary capabilities. The second is the major components of intelligence operations. These include human intelligence collection, signals intelligence collection, counterintelligence and interrogation, overhead reconnaissance, paramilitary operations, covert action, and intelligence analysis. It is intended to give students a broad overview of these two critically important areas, which can often be difficult to understand because of classification.

First three weeks Tu/Th 1:00-5:20, last two weeks M,Tu/Th 1:00-5:20 [lecture--1:00-4:10, recitation/films--4:20-5:20 as per course during academic year The study of nonhuman primate behavior from the perspective of phylogeny, adaptation, physiology and anatomy, and life history. This course focuses on the four main problems primates face: finding appropriate food, avoiding being eaten themselves, reproducing in the face of competition and dealing with social partners. Note: Separate registration is not required for discussion section. While attendance is technically optional, students should be prepared to attend section as it can impact the term grade. [No previous knowledge of science is assumed.] Fulfills a science requirement for most Columbia and GS undergraduates.Course Fee: $10.00

Equivalent to Economics W1105, the first course for the major in economics. How a market economy determines the relative prices of goods, factors of production, and the allocation of resources; the circumstances under which it does these things efficiently. Why such an economy has fluctuations and how they may be controlled.

Prerequisites: ECON W1105 or the equivalent; one term of calculus.

Equivalent to Economics W3213. National income accounting, output and employment, Keynesian and neo-Keynesian analysis, affirmative schools, economic growth.

Prerequisites: Economics W3211 and Economics W3213.

Equivalent to Economics V3025. Institutional nature and economic function of financial markets. Emphasis on both domestic and international markets (debt, stock, foreign exchange, Eurobond, Eurocurrency, futures, options, and others). Principles of security pricing and portfolio management; the capital asset pricing model and the efficient markets hypothesis.

Prerequisites: ECON W3211 and W3213.

Equivalent to ECON W4500. The theory of international trade, comparative advantage and the factor endowments explanation of trade, analysis of the theory and practice of commercial policy, economic integration. International mobility of capital and labor, the North-South debate.

The course will investigate literary texts relating to the very first stirrings of English empire in the New World. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, England was a provincial backwater struggling to define itself against its richer, more imperially successful European neighbors; its colonial holdings isolated, tiny, and uncertain. One hundred years later, the nation was perched on one edge of a nearly-unmatched, globe-spanning commercial maritime empire. How did authors from Newfoundland to Surinam to London respond to this massive unsettling of population, resources, and knowledge that snowballed from the late sixteenth century onward? To answer this question, we'll put together the literary archives of early modern England and its North Atlantic & Caribbean holdings (something that has not often been done), looking at the picture that emerges when colonial authors ranging from Puritans to pirates are put in sustained dialogue with the points of view of investors, planners, and dreamers "at home" in 17th century England. Surveying travel narratives, pirate plays, utopian fiction, colonial promotion materials, jeremiads, sermons, captivity narratives, and early ethnographies produced by authors all around the Atlantic rim, this course asks students to think critically across and about both generic and national formations. In doing so, the course draws on the growth of Atlantic studies in the last decade. This scholarly movement, in tandem with a larger transnational turn in history and literary studies, has revealed archives and produced scholarship that ask us to rethink long-entrenched assumptions about national literary formations, the nature of citizenship and belonging, and America's role in global networks. To open up these questions, we will read major canonical figures from the literatures of early modern England and its colonial possessions: John Donne, William Shakespeare, John Dryden, Aphra Behn, John Winthrop, and Anne Bradstreet, as well as less well-known authors such as Thomas Morton, Richard Brome, and Mary Rowlandson. We'll look at representations of crime, law, and jurisdiction in the colonies; contact and negotiation between Native Americans, colonists, and the English at home; portrayals of sex and gender in early America and their reception in England; the problem of piracy and privateering; and early responses to the rise and development of chattel slavery on both sides of the Atlantic. Throughout, we'll pay close attention to the material circumstances of the texts under consideration, many of which-though they have often been classified as "American"-were printed and circulated (sometimes exclusively) far beyond the boundaries of the colonies. Though the course readings are largely Anglophone, we will be attentive to the role of other Atlantic imperial powers, particularly the Spanish and Dutch, in the English imagination of empire.

This course is a study of romantic poetry and poetics but does not approach its subject from the belated perspective of the Victorians or the Moderns. Instead, the famous Romantics of the late 18th and early 19th centuries are viewed proleptically, from the vantage point of early and mid 18th-century poets who established the modern criteria and generated the forms and ideas later ingeniously personalized by the poets we customarily refer to as the Romantics. Indeed, though we shall spend the concluding half of our study with Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, and Keats, our study begins with the neoclassical romanticism of Pope, Thomson, Akenside, the Wartons, Gray, and Goldsmith. As such, our reading entails a study of lyric trends bridging 18th - and 19th-century verse and of related discourses in aesthetic psychology, moral philosophy, experimental religion, natural description, and affective criticism. We shall attend closely to rhetorical and prosodic elements, with a view to characteristic genres (ode, epistle, georgic, epitaph), innovative hybrids and new forms (elegy, the "conversational" poem). Recommended and required readings in prose are of the period and include theoretical and critical writings by our poets.

Through close reading of four of George Eliot's masterpieces, Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss, Middlemarch, and Daniel Deronda, this course will engage Eliot not only as a consummate author of nineteenth-century realist fiction but also as an ethical philosopher. "How should one live?" "What is one's obligation to the other?" are among the questions that Eliot's novels explore. Far from moral didacticism, Eliot's novels represent and critique an array of conflicting and inadequate responses to these questions. The major issues of Victorian debate, including utilitarianism, cultural progress, sympathetic community, class, faith, romanticism, and feminism, will inform our examination of the complexity of ethical value in Eliot's work.

The central aim of this course is to act as an introduction to the social theme of the 'stranger in the city' and the corresponding range of aesthetic practices that arose around ideas of alienation and estrangement in European Modernism between 1920 and 1931. We shall do this through a sampling of texts and practices associated with three cities: Dublin, Paris and Berlin. In this enquiry, the work of the British literary and cultural critic Raymond Williams will serve as our first guide, taking as our starting point his observation that the cities of European modernism 'forced certain productive kinds of strangeness and distance'. By productive here, Williams refers to modes of both social life and aesthetic form, and it is the weaving together of the two that forms the textual and conceptual ground for this course. In it, we shall compare and contrast a number of texts which speak to this 'strangeness and distance', examining different representations of the stranger (and the corresponding figure of the insider) in three very different - but as we shall see, strangely intersecting - cities: Dublin, Paris and Berlin. Dublin. We shall begin with a formal and stylistic observation of some of the key differences between realism and modernism through comparative analysis of James Joyce's very different ways of representing Dublin city life in his early text Dubliners (1914), and in his masterpiece Ulysses (1922). Here we shall examine the ways in which Joyce's dramatic technical break with coincides with his quite explicit questioning of Ireland's parochial and xenophobic culture, its ways of dealing with strangers. The focus of our attention will be on just one story from Dubliners ('Araby') and several sections from Ulysses, which we will read and analyse primarily in the frame provided by of a selection of Joyce's own critical writings, though also with reference to a range of standard secondary readings. Paris. Second, we will examine some of the terms of social strangeness and aesthetic estrangement in a surreal Paris. Two major texts will be our guide: the contrasting approaches to the idea of the surrealist city in two highly intriguing and unstable texts, André Breton's Nadja (1924), and Aragon's Paris Peasant (1924-26). Once again, our focus will be on the relations between social and narrative representations of city life, examining the two texts in the frame provided by Breton's own Surrealist Manifestos and in relation to Walter Benjamin's essay, 'Surrealism: Last Snapshot of the Intelligentsia'. Berlin. Both Bertolt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera (1928) and Fritz Lang's film, M (1932) seek to overturn the usual understandings of the hierarchical structure of the social order, and in so doing present innovative forms of narration in film and musical. Produced under the shadow of the coming anti-semitism of the Nazi regime, the work of both Brecht and Lang offer powerful reflections on nationalism, identity, and difference, and the complex relations between politics and aesthetics in the modernist city. We shall examine these groundbreaking texts in relation to commentary and analysis by Brecht and Lang themselves, as well as through secondary discussions by Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, and Ernest Bloch.

If the west is sometimes figured as a vacant space in which an exceptional nation can take shape, at other times it's depicted as a diversely populated zone marked by violence and dispossession. This course will examine such varied representations of the region at the nation's western edge in nineteenth century U.S. literature. In this period, authors from Black Hawk to Twain to Ruiz de Burton offered competing visions of the west. Those visions often sought to intervene in urgent debates about race, nation, and empire in America. Authors developed such geopolitical interventions in a broad range of genres-historical romance, lyric poetry, sensation novel, and autobiography. Our course will read both canonical and less familiar literary texts, along with carefully selected archival materials and scholarship from border studies and empire studies, in order to ask: How can we situate these competing visions of the west in conversation with one another? In what ways do literary accounts of the west engage the political discourses of the emerging nation? And how does genre shape the geographical imagination? Because the conceptions of the west that proliferate in nineteenth century literature re-emerge in the visual and material culture of the period, and later on in film, our course will include museum trips-to examine landscape and western paintings at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and indigenous documentary artifacts at the National Museum of the American Indian-and a screening of Pekinpah's western The Wild Bunch. Authors to be covered include Cooper, Black Hawk, Whitman, Buntline, Ridge, Twain, and Ruiz de Burton. This course will satisfy the English major's geography requirement in American literature and the genre requirement in prose fiction. There are no prerequisites.

Why do we still laugh at comic works from nearly 2500 years ago, comedies that have outlived their generations? An examination of the different forms of staged comedy throughout the centuries, beginning with foundational texts from Ancient Greece, especially Aristophanes. We consider how today's playwrights are still building on, and making reference to, primary works from the Western canon. Texts we will read range from Shakespeare, Jonson and Restoration comedies, to Wilde, Beckett, Hansberry, Tennessee Williams, Pinter, and Churchill. We will also cover contemporary work seen on the stages of New York, including short comic plays, stand up, and physical comedy. Attention will be given to comic characters, comic pretense, wit, humor, comedy of errors, comic gestures, comic archetypes, farce, cross-dressing, satiric comedy, comic relief, tragicomedy, romantic comedy, and theatre of the absurd. This course will be of special interest to serious students of comedy. When possible, class outings make use of current New York City productions.

A high-minded exploration of a sometimes-lowbrow art. Quintessentially American ideas of social mobility, freedom to satirize, and celebration of the underdog -- to name just a few -- have helped Anglo-American and immigrant artists to produce a unique brand of filmed comedy, from Mack Sennett to Preston Sturges and Judd Apatow. This course examines the rich tapestry of the American film comedy, and the social, historical, and technological factors that made it possible, from its birth in silent cinema to the present. Films to be screened and discussed include (but are not limited to): Modern Times, Duck Soup, The Apartment, The Graduate, Annie Hall, and Animal House.Course Fee: $50.00

In the last fifteen years, new media technologies have transformed the moving image documentary. Just as new modes of production, distribution, and exhibition have fundamentally changed documentary filmmaking, innovative forms of documentary have had a profound influence on how people view their local community and the broader world around them. This course explores this dynamic new media frontier by looking at the ways prominent filmmakers such as Errol Morris, Michael Moore, and Spike Lee, public television stations-particularly PBS, activist and human rights groups such as Witness, and amateur videomakers, have made use of today's rapidly changing documentary formation. Students gain knowledge of how to critically analyze multiple types of audio-visual media and an understanding of pressing cultural and political debates. Primary and secondary sources ranging from filmmakers' websites to YouTube to online archives to scholarly journal articles will inform our discussions.

Prerequisites: One term of college French or one year of secondary school French.

Equivalent to French C1102 or F1102. Continues the work of French S1101D and completes the study of elementary French. Students continue to develop communicative skills, narrating recent events (past, present, and future), describing daily life activities, and learning about cultural features of France and of the wider Francophone world. Following the communicative approach, students, with the help of the instructor, learn to solve problems using the language, to communicate their feelings and opinions, and to obtain information from others. Daily assignments, quizzes, laboratory work, and screening of video materials.

Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00
Materials Fee: $10.00

Prerequisites: One term of college French or one year of secondary school French.

Equivalent to French C1102 or F1102. Continues the work of French S1101D and completes the study of elementary French. Students continue to develop communicative skills, narrating recent events (past, present, and future), describing daily life activities, and learning about cultural features of France and of the wider Francophone world. Following the communicative approach, students, with the help of the instructor, learn to solve problems using the language, to communicate their feelings and opinions, and to obtain information from others. Daily assignments, quizzes, laboratory work, and screening of video materials.

Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00
Materials Fee: $10.00

Prerequisites: Three terms of college French or three years of secondary school French.

Equivalent to French C1202 and F1202. Continues to prepare students for advanced French language and culture with an emphasis on developing highly accurate speaking, reading, and writing skills. Students examine complex topics, using the French language in diverse contexts, and read and actively discuss a wide variety of texts from France and the French speaking world. Daily assignments, quizzes, and screening of video materials.

Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00
Materials Fee: $10.00

Primarily for graduate students in other departments who have some background in French and who wish to meet the French reading requirement for the Ph.D. degree, or for scholars whose research involves references in the French language. Intensive reading and translation, both prepared and at sight, in works drawn from literature, criticism, philosophy, and history. Brief review of grammar; vocabulary exercises.

Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00
Materials Fee: $10.00

Prerequisites: No previous knowledge of German required, but some background is strongly recommended.

Equivalent to German F1113-F1114. This accelerated survey of German grammar, reading techniques, and dictionary skills is designed primarily for graduate students preparing for reading proficiency exams or wishing to do research in German-language literature. Extensive exercises in translation, reading for general comprehension, and specialized reading are based on texts drawn from the students' fields of study. Although this course does not satisfy any part of the foreign language requirement for degree candidates, successful completion of the translation on the final exam fulfills the German reading proficiency requirement in most graduate programs.Students are advised that this course is a full-time commitment. Students should expect to study 2 hours every day for every hour spent in the classroom and additional time on weekends.Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00

Prerequisites: GERM V1201 or S1201, or the equivalent.

Equivalent to German V1202. Topics cover areas of German literature, history, art, and society. Students also read a German novel or drama. Intermediate-high to advanced-low proficiency (ACTFL scale) in speaking, listening, reading, and writing German is expected upon completion. Prepares student for advanced German, upper-level literature and culture courses and study in Berlin. Students planning to study in Berlin in spring 2006 are advised to complete German S1202 in the Summer Session.

Students are advised that this course is a full-time commitment. Students should expect to study 2 hours every day for every hour spent in the classroom and additional time on weekends.

Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00

Nearly every country feels America's political, economic, and cultural influence. After all, the U.S. currently maintains more than 700 military bases in all corners of the globe. Many have called it the world's last remaining empire. For good or for ill (and sometimes both), America dominates international affairs. But it has not always been this way. Nor was it inevitable. This course explores the rise of American power since 1890. It looks at how and why the United States became a global power, why it became involved in certain wars and not others, and how it has influenced the rest of the world. Students will learn about the many factors shaping U.S. policy-not just presidents and diplomats, but also NGOs, businesses, intellectuals, and popular culture. By exploring the history of American foreign relations, students will also examine key problems of international politics-such as humanitarian intervention, global cooperation, non-state actors, and imperialism-that remain important to citizens today.

This lecture course will focus on "Europian" and "Indian" encounters via travelers, cartographies and texts. We will look specifically at a series of figures who "walked" over Orient and Occident and the ways in which they shaped forms of knowledge and the means to which their words served. We will examine representations of space in maps, as well as mapping efforts to locate hidden geographies in the Orient. We will examine the world of "knowledge-brokers" who facilitated interactions across political, theological and linguistic borders. In general, our effort will be to build a relationship between the experiential knowledge of space and landscape and the theoretical knowledge of space and landscape. To that purpose, the class will include a few coordinated walks. The course will focus on some specific walkers such as Thomas Coryat (1577-1617), Henry Blount (1602-1682), William Moorcroft (1767-1825), Dean Mohamed (1751-1851), Richard F. Burton (1821-1890), and Mirza Abu Taleb (1843-1911) . We will look at mapping practices of the colonial powers in India as well as America, and put them in conversation with the knowledge-brokers. We will read recent scholarship on the encounters (Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Giancarlo Casale, Vanita Seth, and others)

This course analyzes the theory and practice of military occupation from the early nineteenth century until the US invasion and occupation of Iraq. This course will consider political, legal, and military aspects of occupation through comparative examination of a series of case studies. "Occupation" will be used a conceptual category to examine diverse phenomena in nineteenth and twenty-century international history including the expansion and collapse of modern empires and the rise of national states. It will consider the role of international law in imperial expansion, changes in the definition of sovereignty, as well as the transformative uses of military occupation in engineering the modern state. In addition to course readings and seminar participation, students are required to write a term paper based upon original research of primary materials.

How has the United States participated in, and transformed, international society as it rose from a backwater colony to the world leader? This course surveys the history of U.S.engagement with the society of states and peoples that constitute the "international." It examines systematic ways in which Americans have approached two challenges: how to bring about peace and justice between states and how to govern what are today called "less developed" peoples. Federalist and hemispheric conceptions of international order, developed before the twentieth century, are used as a backdrop for understanding how the United States shaped the structure of international society once it became a great power and then superpower. The emphasis is on broad intellectual frameworks through which American foreign-policy elites have understood international society and their country's place in it, although attention will be paid to such topics as military intervention, international law and organization, and international political economy.

This lecture examines how the American presidency evolved into the most important job on earth. It examines how major events in US and world history shaped the presidency. How changes in technology and media augmented the power of the president and how the individuals who served in the office left their marks on the presidency. Each class will make connections between past presidents and the current events involving today's Commander-in-Chief. Some topics to be discussed: Presidency in the Age of Jackson; Teddy Roosevelt and Presidential Image Making; Presidency in the Roaring '20s; FDR and the New Deal; Kennedy and the Television Age; The Great Society and the Rise of the New Right; 1968: Apocalyptic Election; The Strange Career of Richard Nixon; Reagan's Post Modern Presidency; From Monica to The War on Terror

This course will cover the period from the early nineteenth century to the present, considering how Turkey emerged out of the Ottoman Empire and what its political, social,and cultural evolution has been since the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923. Geographically, we will discuss the area that is now Turkey, but also Southeast Europe as well as the Middle East in order to gain a comparative perspective on Turkey in the context of the many other Ottoman successor-states. Thematically we will discuss events such as: the Balkan Wars, the Ottoman entry into WWI, the Greek-Turkish War of 1918-1922, the rule of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the transition from single-party to multi-party rule in 1950, the series of coups d'etat between 1960 and 1980, and the post-1980 Republic.

Provides an introduction to the legal aspects of international human rights. We will cover the major international human rights documents and treaties, the substance of the laws they create, and the international procedures and mechanisms for implementing them. We will consider some of today's most significant human rights issues and controversies, such as the prohibition of hate speech, the treatment of Guantanamo detainees, the use of torture, and the legality of humanitarian intervention to prevent genocide. This course will enable you to: explain the bases and significance of international human rights law; analyze the content of international human rights documents and cases; understand international enforcement mechanisms for human rights; debate opposing sides of important human rights issues; write advocacy essays; and engage in substantive research on human rights issues.

Human rights play a distinctive role as "the political utopia" in contemporary international life. Still, human rights violations remain widespread and human rights norms are still the focus of numerous controversies, from their definition to their protection and promotion by various international actors with different moral and strategic agendas. This course will examine the place of human rights in the foreign policies of the US and a number of other countries around the globe. The course explores the social construction of human rights and national interests as well as the context, instruments, and tradeoffs in the formulation and implementation humanrights foreign policies. Some of the questions this class will consider include: What are human rights and how is their protection best assessed? How have different states promoted and contributed to the violation of human rights abroad? How does human rights promotion strengthen and undermine other foreign policy goals? What's the role of non-state actors in the promotion and violation of human rights across the globe? When has the impact of the human rights norms and regimes been the greatest and when have the efforts of state and non-state actors to promote human rights at home and abroad made the most difference?

The objective of this course is to develop a shared understanding of the theory and practice of post-conflict peacebuilding within the context of the evolving nature of UN peace operations and as part of ongoing efforts to improve the international community's collective ability to facilitate sustainable peace processes in countries emerging from conflict. Current Security Council-mandated peace operations, the challenges and dilemmas they face will be used as case studies to help attain the above objective. Because Africa has been the most important regional setting for these peace operations and has had a critical impact in defining their limitations and possibilities, the case studies will be drawn primarily from UN peacebuilding engagement in Africa.

This six-week course will provide an analytical framework with which to understand the transformation that has characterized development thinking and practice at the United Nations over the last twenty years. It will familiarize participants with the key UN reports and resolutions that define the UN's contribution and reflect on the evolution in development cooperation in practice through the prism of one UN institution in particular, in this case the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). It will also analyze current debates about the future of development cooperation and the evolving shape of multilateralism. The course will provide practical examples and draw from the extensive practical experience of the instructor.

The course explores why states and non-state actors use violence in international politics and if that violence can be mitigated. Topics including war, revolutions, and the effectiveness of peacekeeping will be explored both through theory and contemporary cases.

Prerequisites: ITAL S1101, or the equivalent.

Continues the work of Italian 1101 and completes the study of elementary Italian. Students continue to develop communicative skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills). Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to provide basic information in Italian about wants and needs, personal opinions and wishes, personal experiences, past activities, and daily routines; read simple texts on familiar matters of high frequency everyday or job-related language; draw on a repertoire of vocabulary and syntax sufficient for dealing with everyday situations.

Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00

Prerequisites: ITAL 1201, or the equivalent.

Equivalent to Italian V1202. Continues the work of Italian 1201. On successful completion of this course, students should be able to use a range of language sufficient for giving clear descriptions; express viewpoints on most general topics; show a relatively high degree of grammatical control; write clear and detailed texts on a variety of subjects related to their field; interact with other Italian speakers with some fluency and spontaneity; express themselves appropriately in various cultural and communicative situations.Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00

Elementary course, equivalent to Spanish V1101 or F1101. Fundamental principles of grammar; practice in pronunciation. Reading and conversation are introduced from the beginning. Use of the language laboratory is required. Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00

Prerequisites: SPAN S1101, or the equivalent.

Equivalent to Spanish F1102 or V1102. Grammar exercises, prose readings, and practice in the spoken language.Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00

Prerequisites: SPAN S1102, or the equivalent.

Equivalent to Spanish C1201 or F1201. Rapid grammar review, composition, and reading of literary works by contemporary authors.Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00

Prerequisites: SPAN S1201, or the equivalent.

Equivalent to Spanish C1202 or F1202. Readings of contemporary authors, with emphasis on class discussion and composition.Language Resource Center Fee: $15.00

Prerequisites: Mathematics score of 550 on the SAT exam, taken within the past year.

Recommended preparation: Math S0065. Algebra review, graphs and functions, polynomial functions, rational functions, conic sections, systems of equations in two variables, exponential and logarithmic functions, trigonometric functions and trigonometric identities, applications of trigonometry, sequences, series, and limits.

Prerequisites: High school mathematics through trigonometry or MATH S1003, or the equivalent.

Functions, limits, derivatives, introduction to integrals.

Prerequisites: MATH S1101, or the equivalent.

Methods of integration, applications of the integral, Taylor's theorem, infinite series.

Prerequisites: MATH S1102, or the equivalent.

Columbia College students who aim at an economics major AND have at least the grade of B in Calculus I may take Calculus III directly after Calculus I. However, all students majoring in engineering, science, or mathematics should follow Calculus I with Calculus II. Vectors in dimensions 2 and 3, complex numbers and the complex exponential function with applications to differential equations, Cramer's rule, vector-valued functions of one variable, scalar-valued functions of several variables, partial derivatives, gradients, surfaces, optimization, the method of Lagrange multipliers.

Prerequisites: MATH S1201, or the equivalent.

Double and triple integrals. Change of variables. Line and surface integrals. Grad, div, and curl. Vector integral calculus: Green's theorem, divergence theorem, Stokes' theorem

Prerequisites: MATH S1201, or the equivalent.

Matrices, vector spaces, linear transformation, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, canonical forms, applications.

Prerequisites: MATH S1201, or the equivalent.

Equations of order one, linear equations, series solutions at regular and singular points. Boundary value problems. Selected applications.

Prerequisites: MATH S4061, or the equivalent with the instructor's permission.

Equicontinuity. Contraction maps with applications to existence theorems in analysis. Lebesgue measure and integral. Fourier series and Fourier transform

Equivalent to Music F1123 and C1123. Part of the Core Curriculum since 1947, Music Humanities aims to instill in students a basic comprehension of the many forms of the Western musical imagination. Its specific goals are to awaken and encourage in students an appreciation of music in the Western world, to help them learn to respond intelligently to a variety of musical idioms, and to engage them in the various debates about the character and purposes of music that have occupied composers and musical thinkers since ancient times. The course attempts to involve students actively in the process of critical listening, both in the classroom and in concerts that the students attend and write about. The extraordinary richness of musical life in New York is thus an integral part of the course. Although not a history of Western music, the course is taught in a chronological format and includes masterpieces by Josquin des Prez, Monteverdi, Bach, Handel, Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Verdi, Wagner, Schoenberg, and Stravinsky, among others. No previous knowledge of music required. Space is limited. Columbia University undergraduates who need this course for graduation are encouraged to register during early registration.

An elementary introduction to the basic concepts and techniques of modern symbolic logic. Emphasis on the significance of symbolic logic for the analysis of the meaning of sentences, and the evaluation of the validity and soundness of arguments.

This course will survey the most fundamental issues about the nature of language and the nature of the human mind. readings will consist of selections from Descartes, Locke, Frege, Wittgenstein, Chomsky, Quine, Davidson, Kripke, McDowell, Burge and some more recent writings.

Prerequisites: One philosophy course or instructor's permission.

Philosophical problems within science and about the nature of scientific knowledge in the 17th-20th centuries.

Prerequisites: High school mathematics, but not calculus. This course does not carry credit toward the bachelor's degree and may be taken on a Pass/Fail basis only. Not open to pre-college students.

Basic Physics serves as preparation for General Physics 1201-1202 and is intended for those students who do not have a solid foundation in high school physics or who have been away from school for several years. The course will provide an introduction to the basic concepts and fundamental laws of physics, focusing on mechanics, together with a review of the mathematical techniques needed for problem-solving.

Prerequisites: PHYS S1201 or the equivalent. This course uses elementary concepts from calculus, and students should therefore have some basic background in differentiation and integration.

The same course as Physics S1202X, but given in a six-week session. Assignments to discussion sections are made after the first lecture. Basic introduction to the study of electricity, magnetism, optics, special relativity, quantum mechanics, atomic physics, and nuclear physics.The accompanying laboratory is Physics S1292Q. NOTE: There are two recitation sessions that meet for one hour each week. The recitation times will be selected at the first class meeting.

Prerequisites: PHYS S1202 (may be taken simultaneously).

Laboratory for Physics 1202Q. Assignments to laboratory sections are made after the first lecture.Lab Fee: $50.00

The course provides a broad overview of modern European politics and an introduction to the issues and methods of the comparative politiCS subfield. Using the lens of the European Union, the course will examine both the domestic politics of key member states as well as the hybrid political system at the supranational level. Topics to be covered include theories of European integration and federalism, economics and monetary policy, an overview of EU political institutions, the democratic deficit, political bargaining and lobbying, the EU as a global actor, and the transatlantic relationship. The latter part of the course will also feature a bargaining simulation designed to teach students about consensus-based decision-making. Students will leave the course with an understanding ofthe quantitative, formal and qualitative methodologies that political scientists use to develop and evaluate arguments, as well as a deeper regional understanding of European politics.

This course examines the politics of transnational relations, or the interactions of non-state actors and states in international politics. To this end, this course will examine the historical role of nonstate actors in international politics, the causes of the recent "rise" of non-state actors, how non-state actors affect state policy and outcomes of interests in world politics, the implications of the apparently growing role of non-state actors for the state as an institution, and finally, the normative implications of the "rise" of non-state actors. We will consider these issues both generally' and with respect to specific non-state actors, including transnational human rights and environmental activist networks, religious groups, humanitarian and development non-governmental organizations, multinational companies, private military companies, and transnational terrorist networks.

Patterns of government and politics in America's large cities and suburbs: the urban socioeconomic environment; the influence of party leaders, local officials, social and economic notables, and racial, ethnic, and other interest groups; mass media, the general public, and the state and federal governments; and the impact of urban governments on ghetto and other urban conditions.

Constitutional, legal, and political issues and ideas in several broad areas, including popular sovereignty, republicanism, and constitutionalism; Native-American sovereignty and federalism; wealth and democracy; America in the world. Readings reflect continuity and change in each of these areas from 1787 to the present.

A survey of major concepts and issues in international relations. Issues include anarchy, power, foreign policy decision-making, domestic politics and foreign policy, theories of cooperation and conflict, international security and arms control, nationalism, international law and organizations, and international economic relations.

Why do human rights, which are assumed to be universal and indivisible, remain so controversial in world politics and international organizations? What are the political and economic constraints that stand in the way of the full realization of human rights? To address these questions, this course explores the interplay between politics and human rights. The course covers four broad topics: the role of human rights in international security cooperation and in international political economy, domestic responses to an international norm, and new challenges to the international order by nonstate actors.

The interaction of intelligence and political decision-making in the U.S., other Western democracies, Russia and China. Peculiarities of intelligence in the Middle East (Israel, Iran, Pakistan). Intelligence analyzed both as a governmental institution and as a form of activity, with an emphasis on complex relations within the triangle of intelligence communities, national security organizations, and high-level political leadership. Stages and disciplines of intelligence process. Intelligence products and political decision-making. The function of intelligence considered against the backdrop of rapid evolution of information technologies, changing meaning of homeland security, and globalization. Particular emphasis on the role of intelligence in the prevention of terrorism and WMD proliferation.

Introduction to the science of human behavior. Topics include history of psychology, brain function and development, sleep and dreams, sensation and perception, learning and memory, theories of development, language and cognition, research methods, emotion, mental illness, and therapy.

Prerequisites: an introductory course in psychology.

Models of judgment and decision making in both certain and uncertain or risky situations, illustrating the interplay of top-down (theory-driven) and bottom-up (data-driven) processes in creating knowledge. Focuses on how individuals do and should make decisions, with some extensions to group decision making and social dilemmas.

Prerequisites: Recommended preparation: a course in psychology and high school physics, chemistry, and biology.

An introduction to the analysis of psychological issues by anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological methods. Topics include neurons, neurotransmitters, neural circuits, human neuroanatomy, vision, learning, memory, emotion, and sleep and circadian rhythms.

Prerequisites: The instructor's permission

Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of emotion. Emphasis is on research into physiological, expressive, and subjective emotional responses to salient events.

Prerequisites: An introductory course in Neuroscience like PSYC 1001 or PSYC 2450 or permission of the instructor

Analysis of the assessment of physical and psychiatric diseases impacting the central nervous system, with emphasis on the relationship between neuropathology and cognitive and behavioral deficits.

Discussion of the logic and procedures of social science research and standards for the critical evaluation of that research based on a careful reading and analysis of significant studies exemplifying the use of different kinds of social science data and methods (field observations, historical archives, surveys, and experiments). No mathematical or statistical background is required.

This course examines writings on "new media" and "social media." The focus will be on the ways that information technology has changed our social relations and experiences. We will examine different kinds of social collectivities, including "virtual communities," "crowd sourced" collaboratives and other kinds of social networks. Particular attention will be paid to the production and consumption of information and image, especially the making of cultural objects.

Prerequisites: Some high school algebra.

Designed for students in fields that emphasize quantitative methods. This course satisfies the statistics requirements of all majors except statistics, economics, and engineering. Graphical and numerical summaries, probability, theory of sampling distributions, linear regression, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing are taught as aids to quantitative reasoning and data analysis. Use of statistical software required. Illustrations are taken from a variety of fields. Data-collection/analysis project with emphasis on study designs is part of the coursework requirement.

Prerequisites: Working knowledge of calculus (differentiation and integration).

Designed for students who desire a strong grounding in statistical concepts with a greater degree of mathematical rigor than in STAT W1111.Random variables, probability distributions, pdf, cdf, mean, variance, correlation, conditional distribution, conditional mean and conditional variance, law of iterated expectations, normal, chi-square, F and t distributions, law of large numbers, central limit theorem, parameter estimation, unbiasedness, consistency, efficiency, hypothesis testing, p-value,confidence intervals. maximum likelihood estimation. Satisfies the pre-requisites for ECON W3412.

Does the United Nations matter? The course will offer a broad assessment and analysis of the place, performance and potential of the United Nations within the nation-state system. It will assess the world body based on a range of distinct expectations through the prism of global threats, global norms and global responsibilities. Increasingly the world is confronted with phenomena - related to both security and development - which require global responses; the question this course seeks to answer is to what extent can we rely on the UN to act as a global instrument for constructive change?

This six-week course will provide an analytical framework with which to understand the transformation that has characterized development thinking and practice at the United Nations over the last twenty years. It will familiarize participants with the key UN reports and resolutions that define the UN's contribution and reflect on the evolution in development cooperation in practice through the prism of one UN institution in particular, in this case the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). It will also analyze current debates about the future of development cooperation and the evolving shape of multilateralism. The course will provide practical examples and draw from the extensive practical experience of the instructor.

Introduction to the fundamentals of silkscreen techniques. Students gain familiarity with the technical processes of silkscreen and are encouraged to use the processes to develop their visual language. Students are involved in a great deal of drawing for assigned projects. Portfolio required at end.Course Fee: $125.00

An introduction to photographic tools, techniques, and the language of photo criticism. Work includes camera operations and black-and-white darkroom work, 8x10 print production, and critiques of student work.Course Fee: $125.00